Space Travel President John F. Kennedy - 1168 Words

Space Travel Gage L. Barney Utah Valley University Space Travel On May 25, 1961 president John F. Kennedy delivered a speech of an ambitious goal to send an American to the moon and return him safely to earth by the end of the decade. â€Å" I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth† (kennedy, 1961). With this speech Kennedy created a new period in space exploration in the united states. America was at a standstill with space exploration and Russia had already launched a satellite into space in 1957, all America needed was a push which is what president Kennedy gave us. Before sending a human into space one must look at the space project and the missions that gave scientists and engineers the data to make safe equipment to be sent to the moon and beyond. Astronauts were bashed with primitive flight tests to help create training programs. America can even give the Russian space program credit for making the space program what it is today. They provided resources to our engineers and likely the most important they were america s competition. The Russian space program was years ahead of the Americans with their launch of sputnik an unmanned satellite in 1957, and their orbits and space walks, Yuri Gargarin was the first man in space. But on July 20, 1969 Apollo 11 landed on the moon and America was the first to put a human onShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy s Speech1361 Words   |  6 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Kennedy’s inaugural speech was remembered in the lines â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country†. Kennedy’s speech resounded all over the United States inspiring the American nation to change, prosper and grow. He reassured the citizens of their nation’s strength and gave the people a sense of security. As the 35th President of the United States, John F. 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When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit Personal Reflection Free Essays

The book, when Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit introduces a very intelligent, smart, and social girl Anna, who has a brother named Max, and lives with her mother and father. Her father has many connections to other people since he is a well known Jewish writer; therefore, he knew to move to Switzerland in case Hitler won the elections and took control. Anna does not know how lucky she is to be saved from all the trouble taking place in all of Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit Personal Reflection or any similar topic only for you Order Now Going from country to country is hard for any family, and I know it would be hard for me, but Anna showed me that it does not matter what appends as long as we have our family together. When Anna warned her dad about almost being led to the train to Germany, it showed how bright she was. She adapted to the Switzerland lifestyle very quickly. She made many new friends and even the boys wanted to play with her. Instead of being homesick and complaining about wanting to go back, she taught me to make the best of difficult situations and find the positive in everything. A few months later she had to move to Paris, France. Moving constantly is something I would hate to do, especially on train, but she kept a positive attitude the whole way. She struggled to speak French and in school, and sometimes she could not do anything about it. Her difficult time are an example that nothing can always go the way you want It to. During the story, there was a problem where one of the beds ended up breaking, and they needed to hire someone to fix It. The person who they hired to fix the bed turned out to be anta- Jewish and rude. Her mother was extremely upset and kicked him out of the house. They decided to move away to England with an uncle. Her mom Is a strong example of letting the negative Influences go away and Instead being with better, positive Influences like family. Father worked hard in his writing Job and It reminds me of my parents and their hard work to support my family. Without the work they do, we would not be able to have what we have. Mother also relates to my mom, they both make sure we do well In school and stay focused. Without mother, Anna would not be motivated to continue to try and learn French. When Max and Anna fight, It reminds me of how I do not always get along with my siblings and sometimes we get Into arguments. In the end, the argument never matters. When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit Is a great book that shows the world through the perspective of a ten year old girl. I related to Anna and her life struggles. Anna and her family stay together through the whole experience, and they find out a way to make their dangerous situation work. This story leads me to believe that everything happens for a reason, and whatever happens, have a positive look to It because everything happens for a reason. When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit Personal Reflection By lawlessly always go the way you want it to. During the story, there was a problem where one of the beds ended up breaking, and they needed to hire someone to fix it. The person who they hired to fix the bed turned out to be anti- Jewish and rude. Her mother was England with an uncle. Her mom is a strong example of letting the negative influences go away and instead being with better, positive influences like family. Father worked hard in his writing Job and it reminds me of my parents and their hard what we have. Mother also relates to my mom, they both make sure we do well in to try and learn French. When Max and Anna fight, it reminds me of how I do not always get along with my siblings and sometimes we get into arguments. In the end, the argument never matters. When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit is a great book that positive look to it because everything happens for a reason. How to cite When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit Personal Reflection, Papers

Sample Strategic Business Plan Cross-cultural investigation of US

Question: Describe about the Sample Strategic Business Plan for Cross-cultural investigation of US? Answer: Introduction J J Company is a London based company that deals in accessories brand and designer handbags for women. The company has developed from brick and mortar market to establish one of the leading brands in fashion on UK accessories. It already has three stores in London and one each in Birmingham and Manchester. It also accompanies online selling activities through EBay and Amazon. The core collection of J J is based on utilitarian shapes adopted with modern needs. It believes in giving fine style, fabric, color and detail. Hence, now it wishes to diversify in different countries in clothing especially in women apparels to get hold of women's attention in all luxurious items. A diversification strategy is also known as a growth strategy. One of the primary motives is the vision held by many investors as the concept of bigger is better' (Thomas, 2015). Aims and Goals of the Organisation J J company basic objective is to increase its operations across the globe in a different line of products. The company is favouring in following horizontal diversification by entering into a new business. The outlined goals of the organization are mentioned as The company wants to extend its operations to different countries keeping in view their gross national income. The two countries which the organisation wishes to expand its business are United States and North Korea. United States come in the high-income economies whereas North Korea comes in the low-income economies. Hence, the gross national income of United States is $55,200 which is certainly higher than Korea's gross national income that is $500 (Data.worldbank.org, 2015). The other goal of the company is to diversify in a different business that is apparels. Hence, completing a package of shopping for women in luxurious items in one brand itself. Business Overview J J is starting a new dimension to its company with women's apparel for giving customers a personalised experience to the company. The apparel channel of J J will provide a better shopping experience is stores as well as in online portal. The channel will cater to like-minded' women enthusiasts to build a community to get more fashion fiesta women. The services will work using registration of customers, purchasing and selling, culture and community and by offering personalized service making the customer feel special. The services provided by customers and product sponsors are buying through stores and online websites of EBay and Amazon, personalization to increase loyalty and constant usage and shopping in stores with high order in United States and Korea. Using these services, the customer will benefit from using cutting edge content, highly customizable and interactive shopping experience and will also link them to the community. (antiventurecapital.com, 2015). Market Trends and Analysis The market analysis will be based on target customers that will possess the following features: Women who are interested in handbags will be interested in apparels. Women have internet access at work or home and are comfortable purchasing online Women will be able to connect themselves culturally with clothes especially in United States and North Korea. According to target demographics of the primary data, a questionnaire was done in the two countries and language was taken care of. The questionnaire includes close and open-ended questions in a semi-structured pattern. The sampling was used as clustered sampling from the University and students who have passed out university and are working now. 50 women were considered with 50% from United States and Korea. The average age was between 15-29 years. 70% were college students from New York University, and rest were working. The results on an average of the women almost 80% of the Korean women favoured for skirts that define their contemporary culture (Hurt, 2014). They still believe in shoulders covered rather than wearing a short skirt and 50% of Americans favoured casual dressing that includes jeans, sweatshirts and tee shirts. The income spent was considerate, and it was mostly based on social interaction with consumer behaviour towards fashion apparel, and it was mostly dependent on the family type, social class and location (Nieves-Rodrguez, Cao-Alvira and Prez, 2014). According to Brand Criteria, price, advertising, quality and design were of most importance showing the high preferred attributes amounting to 80% of the total. The upcoming trends include the new Checkout Tracking' services for technology and apparel. It measures the buying behaviour at the market basket level, based on brick-mortar and online purchases (NPD Group, 2015). Therefore, the Koren customer service ecommerce reports showing 48% increase in 2014 since last year. The statistics tend to be increasing since 2010. The most popular online purchasing retailers are said to be EBay (38.4%) and Amazon (55.9%) in 2014 according to Korean survey (Lee, 2015). Cultural Specific (Republic of) Korea's fashion industry has seen a change rather a shift from contemporary to western fashion. The Korean fashion industry has grown internationally. Now, the Korean population culture is receiving national attention and the so called "Korean Wave" which began at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The changes have been reflected in Dongdaemun Market in Seoul, which specializes in fabrics, quality, accessories and associated materials (Geum, et al., 2015). United States fashion has greatly impacted the fabric' of societies all over the world. As Mark Twain once wrote that clothes make a man and naked people do not influence the society. The trend of fashion has grown from formal to casual and the average spending of a customer on clothing amounts to $1,700 today. The women aged 16, and above are the ones spending considerably more than average (Bls.gov, 2012). It shows an upward trend in the women's retail clothing industry according to February 2012 U.S. Census Bureau. Competitiveness in Fast Fashion Fast Fashion is used to describe clothing trending in the market in both spring and autumn seasons. These trends are meant to apply to the customers quickly and cheaply so that they can take advantage of the current clothing. The fashion industry proves to be volatile in nature. The business environment has respond to the changes in the market and changing consumer preferences. The people are fashion conscious, but they need the same at affordable prices. The ability to do a fashion business is to respond quickly to the changing environment (Palladino, 2010). The main focus of fast fashion is its sustainability. The sources of the competitive structure are depicted below. The competition is soaring limits in United States with the size of apparel market rising to $225 billion, sales of women apparel being $110,826 million in 2011. Apparel business in United States have been tough, highly competitive, and mainly supply chains rise drastically, failed pressure of price is obtained from major markdowns like Walmart, Target, and Kohl has to keep profit margins to sell priced apparel. Apparel retailers are in the need to stay connected with people by continuous changing fashion trends to provide relevant products (Statista, 2015). On the other hand, Korea today is an interesting market for finish companies. The market for Nordic style in clothing is declining in terms of traditional shares but a growing trend for casual street fashion and outdoors, an adoption from the developed countries like United States (Finpro.fi, 2015). The ecommerce has shown increased results. Nearly 50% of the products are sold online while fashion/clothing jumped 16.7% rendered t o the data were given (Noorian, 2015). United States and Korea as Business Partners In this broad headline, some important characteristics of United States and Korea will be presented with some facts concerning the competitive advantages and the factors that can take advantage of. Firstly, the countries facts of economy and fashion of women's apparel's will be considered and later the countries will be analyzed on PESTEL analysis tool. United States United States is worlds third largest country by size after Russia and China and by population after China and India bordering North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico. Table 1 Major Facts of United States (CIA, 2015) Full Name United States Of America Population 321,368,864 (July 2015 estimate) Capital City Washington D.C. Main Spoken Languages English, Spanish, other Indo-European, and Asian and Pacific Island Major Religion Protestant, Roman Catholic, Mormon, Jewish, Buddhist and Muslims GDP- Per Capita $54,400 (2014 estimate) Labour Force 155.9 million (includes unemployed) Exports/ Imports $1.633 trillion / $2.374 trillion (2014 estimate Major Importers China 19.9%, Canada 14.8%, Mexico 12.5%, Japan 5.7%, Germany 5.3% (2014) Major Exporters Canada 19.2%, Mexico 14.8%, China 7.6%, Japan 4.1% (2014) Source: (Cia.gov, 2015) United States is the most technologically powerful economy in the world. At the end of cold war in 1991, US remain the powerful nation state with steady growth rate, unemployment and inflation and advances in technology (Cia.gov, 2015). According to European Commission, USA ranks second in exports and first in imports. As far as clothing is concerned Table 2 Trade Flows by SITC Product Grouping 2014 (European Commission, 2015) Imports Exports Value Mio % Total % Growth Value Mio % Total % Growth Clothing 514 0.3 2.9 2896 0.9 12.7 Source: (trade.ec.europa.eu, 2015) United States has always been an important challenge for EU. Though in clothing sector there is not much value as compared to other areas but rising exports growth in exports (trade.ec.europa.eu, 2015). JJs store in United States will prove beneficial and of much importance. PESTEL analysis of United States The statistical data shows an increased growth in exports in clothing will help in production of womens apparels too. Political Factors United States is a free market economy and capitalistic in nature with high political stability. The government has a minimum role in market structure. Private individuals and firms take the decisions; the federal and state governments predominantly buy the goods and services in the marketplace. United States enjoy greater flexibility in expansion of the capital plant, surplus workers and in new products (Cia.gov, 2015). The total labour force accounts for 155.9 million, which is considerably high. The apparel industry being labour intensive will influence employee laws for wages, health, and safety (Sites.google.com, 2015). Economic Factors The wages and employment in United States are stagnant for low-income groups, inadequate investment in worsening infrastructure, sizeable current account and budget deficits. The high per capita income in United States is $55,200, which is highest among the developed economies (Data.worldbank.org, 2015). The country has stable in terms of trade/currency rates. Hence, the market growth is low being a developed economy (Frynas and Mellahi, 2015). Social Factors Being a developed country, it will demand fashion in latest trends, demand for convenient shopping experience. It should me merchandised in all shapes, sizes and seasons. The clothing should be designed according to satisfy the needs of consumers. The branding and quality serve as gain over competitors in regards to fabric (Sites.google.com, 2015). Technological Factors Being a developed country, advances in innovation has created an increase in automated machinery. However, this has proved productivity, but the apparel industry is supposed to stay labor intensive as some production is assumed to remain mechanical and to simple functions. The employees even continue to advance in the way of doing simple things but with better time management and efficiency. In addition, the provision of ecommerce and internet provides a base for online shopping for customers. Environmental Factors The increasing environmental consciousness is influencing the supply chain and is even increasing the demand of shareholders to reduce carbon in the atmosphere (Gockeln, 2015). There have been laws and regulations in controlling pollution (Valkjrvi and You, 2012). Legal Factors The legal factors include trade, product safety, logistics, tax, privacy and logistics. The anti-trust laws govern anti-competitive behaviour and unfair business customs to avoid competition and monopolies among the retail industries. The retailers need to regulate to avoid fines, regulatory, lawsuits and orders for operations and encouraged to comply with anti-trust laws (Julie, et al., 2012). North Korea North Korea comes to low-income groups of the world. This country location is in Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean peninsula that is between China and South Korea bordering with Korean Bay and Sea of Japan. Table 3 Major Facts of North Korea (CIA, 2015) Full Name Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Population 24,983,205 (July 2015 estimate) Capital City Washington D.C. Main Spoken Languages Korean Major Religion Buddhist and Confucianist, syncretic Chondogyo and some Christian GDP- Per Capita $1,800 (2013 estimate) Labour Force 15.21 million (includes unemployed) Exports/ Imports $3.834 billion / $4.647 billion (2013 estimate) Major Importers China 79.3%, South Korea 11%, Republic of the Congo 4.5% (2014) Major Exporters China 54.9%, Algeria 30%, South Korea 16% (2014) Source: (Cia.gov, 2015) North Korea is one of the least open economies that is centrally directed and is faced with chronic problems. There was stagnation in its growth except in 2013-14 when the regime compressed 20 development zones for foreign investors through the initiatives remain at its infancy stage (Cia.gov, 2015). Table 4 Trade Flows by SITC Product Grouping 2014 (European Commission, 2015) Imports Exports Value Mio % Total % Growth Value Mio % Total % Growth Clothing 8 47 -12.9 0 1.3 -14.8 Source: (trade.ec.europa.eu, 2015) North Korea in clothing has shown negative growth in terms of exports and imports. The balance between trade flows and balances has been increasing in negative growth. North Koreas ranking is 161 regarding imports and 183 regarding Exports (trade.ec.europa.eu, 2015). But, the labour force is highly skilled and flexible. PESTEL Analysis of North Korea Political Factors This economy appears to come into sight from a decade of negative growth; its future is risky and certain. North Korea has poor maintenance; the capital stock is beyond repair of underinvestment and on-going systematic problems. The government has allowed informal markets for a wide range of goods, and it lacks in market-based reforms (Park, 2015). Economic Factors North Koreas guidelines for economic policies are on self-reliant national economy, and its priority is consistently on heavy industry. Due to lopsided growth, there has been deepening structural imbalances that resulted in disrepair of agriculture and social overhead capital. Wages are the lowest in the north-eastern Asia in North Korea. Therefore, the tax structure is rigid and amounts to 25% in foreign investment business enterprise (Business in Korea North for Everyone: Practical Information and Contacts, 2012). Social Factors The social factors are worse. North Koreans dont have enough to eat, and that too is susceptible to food crises (Cullinane, 2013). The energy sector has caused serious bottlenecks in the economy. North Koreans refugees live in most torturous and inhumane environment that includes sleep deprivations, kicking and slapping beaten with sticks and rods, etc. (Human Rights Watch, 2012). Technological factors North Korea is an enigma but access to the internet is limited to few Government officials and scientists and its still not open for general crowd and has only 1,204 IP addresses in use (Hughes Albright, 2015). Environmental Factors There have current issues prevailing the economy like water pollution, inadequate supply of drinking water, deforestation, soil erosion and waterborne diseases can affect the employees working (Cia.gov, 2015). Legal Factors The legal system is influenced by communist legal theory and Japanese traditions and is based on Prussian model. The country has not submitted and ICJ jurisdiction declaration. There are no political leaders or groups as such and account for no diplomatic relations with other countries (Cia.gov, 2015). According to international market screening, business with United States will be fruitful but as compared to North Korea, there will be certain hurdles, though their garment industrys quality is made according to government specifications. Marketing Strategy Recommendations To study the basis of two countries, opportunities and threats analysis is done among the countries to choose amongst them or to choose both. After analysing the apparel retail industry in its current state, the recommendations can be made into Porters five forces. United States and North Korea Comparison A country like United States will have the threat of new entrants as many end up selling their traditional clothes in traditional stores. Also, it is not so difficult for US but difficult for North Korea to develop a company online and sell women apparels. However, online stores mainly focus products from UK and US only (Valkjrvi and You, 2012). Bargaining Power of Supplies was found to be medium as UK here wants to establish its business in United States where the production costs are high. And the same cannot be said for North Korea as its production costs are minimal rather low. The threat of substitute products and services were found to be high as many stores provide their culture-specific clothes. Although when a company provides products that are specified by customers in stores, the substitutes tend to rise. In case of North Korea, the threat is medium as its gives good product quality and fabric design with accessories. The bargaining power of buyers is high in countries like United States and United Kingdom as the customers are aware of the production costs (Valkjrvi and You, 2012), and other substitutes. The customers want the product at a low price as the customer is price sensitive. However, in North Korea, the prices are low as people are not that well aware. At last, the rivalry among competitors is seen as high because several companies are providing with products and low prices whereas in case of North Korea its low. Recommendations There is a need to expand the use of internet as the key marketing tool using website update, e-newsletters and e-blasts, social media, etc. in both the countries regarding JJ Company. The public Relations strategy needs to be expanded significantly with help of regular press and media assistance, special events promoting the brand especially in North Korea. The need for developing targeted sales activities in support with the brand. The main recommendation can be the highly strategic advertising program in both the countries for proper awareness in both the countries. The important recommendation would be to develop a comprehensive country-wide wayfinding cultural specific system (County, 2010). Strategic Marketing Policies The strategic marketing policies in case of JJ Company should have a low cost retailer or different products in a way that it values its customers in all prospects that they only have to pay premium price and not more than that. It implements and focuses a generic strategy that concentrates on a broader segment of market in United States and North Korea. BCG Matrix will help in analysing the strategy development of the apparel industry (UKEssays, 2015). Source: (Gordanacolovic.blogspot.in, 2015) After looking at the BCG matrix, marketing mix policies can be done for more appropriate results. The 7Ps marketing Mix is given by the figure below. Figure 2 Product Promotion Marketing Mix Product- The product is clothing with unique fabric, design and quality. The product has an upper hand on any other product because its cultural specific and is available with wide range of items for women giving them a complete package for shopping. Place- The product will be sold online shopping websites of EBay and Amazon, and the two retail shops will be open in the two countries- United States and North Korea, one in each country. The manufacturers will be used in respective countries with their hands of fabric as they know the customer specifications. Price- The price will be decided after viewing all prices such as wholesale price, discount price, retail price and competitors price. The price will be kept at reasonable rates for the people to buy both in North Korea and United States. Promotion- The promotion will be done using advertising online, hoardings, user trials of exchange policy, no shipping charges on online mailing and competitive promotional criteria with sizeable promotion in locality and majorly in universities to attract college goers. People- The target customers are women between 15-29 years of age who are either studying or working and have a genuine taste for casual wear according to the contemporary fashion styles like skirts in North Korea and Sweatshirts, jeans and tee shirts in United States. The business staff will be operated by hiring labour force that is highly skilled and hard working in both the respective countries. The wages paid will be adequate in United States, but the wages given to North Koreans will be slightly more than the existing wages. Physical Evidence- The most important part is the comfort provided by these culturally specific trendy clothes. Later factors like display of clothes on hoardings, word of mouth publicity will be more than enough to start a revive and gaining customer loyalty. Process- The process of providing goods and services to guarantee that process is easy and simple and provides feedback for the service provided by the retail store or online shopping (Fashioncapital.co.uk, 2015). Conclusion The global marketing plan can be summarised by keeping in view the two countries that will help in expanding the company. The business development has been undertaken by studying the countries and recognising the strengths and weaknesses of the market in those countries and applying strategies and getting the best out of the market. The two countries- United States and North Korea belong to different income groups of economy and with different market structures and government policies operating. JJ Company has to keep its strategy broadened and acceptable in both the situation in the view to diversifying. References antiventurecapital.com, (2015). Sample Strategic Business Plan Pipedream.com. [online] Available at: https://www.antiventurecapital.com/backupfolder/biz_plan.pdf [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Bennur, S. and Jin, B. (2013). Cross-cultural investigation of US and Indian consumer's apparel attribute choices applying Kano's theory.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,17(3), pp.306-321. Bls.gov, (2012). Fashion : Spotlight on Statistics: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/fashion/ [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Business in Korea North for Everyone: Practical Information and Contacts. (2012). Washington D.C., U.S.A.: International Business Publications. Cia.gov, (2015). The World Factbook- North Korea. [online] Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Cia.gov, (2015).The World Factbook- United States. [online] Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html [Accessed 2 Jan. 2016]. County, C. (2010). Marketing Strategy Recommendations. [online] tourchautauqua.com. Available at: https://www.tourchautauqua.com/userfiles/file/39-71%20ChautauquaPlan.pdf [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Cullinane, S. (2013). How does North Korea make its money? - CNN.com. [online] CNN. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/09/business/north-korea-economy-explainer/ [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Data.worldbank.org, (2015).Korea, Rep. | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/korea-republic [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Data.worldbank.org, (2015).United States | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/united-states [Accessed 29 Dec. 2015]. Fashioncapital.co.uk, (2015). 7 P's of Marketing - Fashion Capital. [online] Available at: https://www.fashioncapital.co.uk/learning/careers-advice/2180-7-ps-of-marketing [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Finpro.fi, (2015). Fashion Trends and Business Opportunities in South Korea - News and press releases - Export Finland. [online] Available at: https://www.finpro.fi/web/eng/news;jsessionid=755192D538DF0133DA0F18A9460BD28E.webapp1?p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_dHI7p_p_lifecycle=0p_p_col_id=column-2p_p_col_pos=1p_p_col_count=3_101_INSTANCE_dHI7_redirect=%2Fweb%2Feng_101_INSTANCE_dHI7_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content_101_INSTANCE_dHI7_assetEntryId=1527541_101_INSTANCE_dHI7_type=content_101_INSTANCE_dHI7_urlTitle=fashion-trends-and-business-opportunities-in-south-korea [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Frynas, J.G. and Mellahi, K. (2015).Global strategic management. Oxford University Press. Geum, K., Min, S. and Jung, H. (2015). Editorial. Fashion Practice, [online] 7(2), pp.143-152. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17569370.2015.1045336 [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Gheen, J., Hella, J., Pierce, K. and Rosado, R. (2012).Industry Analysis: Womens Apparel. [online] bizvalblog.files.wordpress.com. Available at: https://bizvalblog.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/womens-apparel-industry-analysis.pdf [Accessed 2 Jan. 2016]. Gockeln, L. (2015).Fashion Industry Analysis From the Perspective of Business Model Dynamics. [online] essay.utwente.nl. Available at: https://essay.utwente.nl/65268/1/Gockeln_BA_School%20of%20Management%20and%20Governance.pdf [Accessed 2 Jan. 2016]. Gordanacolovic.blogspot.in, (2015). Management in the garment industry: Methods and techniques. [online] Available at: https://gordanacolovic.blogspot.in/p/blog-page.html [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Hughes, M. and Albright, D. (2015). This is What Technology In North Korea Looks Like. [online] MakeUseOf. Available at: https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/tech-north-korea-look-like/ [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Human Rights Watch, (2012). World Report 2012: North Korea. [online] Available at: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2012/country-chapters/north-korea [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Hurt, M. (2014). The Cultural Politics of Short Skirts in Korea. [online] The Seoul Fashion Report. Available at: https://www.seoulfashionreport.com/blog/2014/7/13/the-cultural-politics-of-short-skirts-in-korea [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Kang, H. (2014). Globalization and Fashion Business Strategy: Standardization versus Adaptation Two Case Studies of Calvin Klein Menswear and Tommy Hilfiger International. [online] Kennisbank.hva.nl. Available at: https://kennisbank.hva.nl/document/562299 [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Lee, C. (2015). Korean Consumers Spend Big at US Online Retailers | Asia Matters for America by the East-West Center. [online] Asiamattersforamerica.org. Available at: https://www.asiamattersforamerica.org/korea/korean-consumers-spend-big-at-us-online-retailers [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Nieves-Rodrguez, E., Cao-Alvira, J. and Prez, M. (2014). The Influence of Special Occasions on the Retail Sales of Womens Apparel. Ideas in Marketing: Finding the New and Polishing the Old, pp.213-221. Noorian, Y. (2015). South Korean department store face crisis as online surges, international sites eat into their top categories. [online] https://www.wgsn.com/blogs. Available at: https://www.wgsn.com/blogs/south-korean-department-store-face-crisis-as-online-surges-international-sites-eat-into-their-top-categories/ [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. NPD Group, (2015). NPD Expands Checkout Tracking Service with New Information for Technology and Apparel. [online] Available at: https://www.npd.com/wps/portal/npd/us/news/press-releases/2015/npd-expands-checkout-tracking-service-with-new-information-for-technology-and-apparel/ [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Palladino, A. (2010). Zara and Benetton: Comparison of two business models. [online] Upcommons.upc.edu. Available at: https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2099.1/9620/67041.pdf;jsessionid=FE978B1F9669E9232BEAF4C24093173B?sequence=1 [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. Park, H.H., Sullivan, P., Li, Q. and Noh, M.J., 2014. A Comparison of the Chinese and Korean Consumers Response of Smart Clothing.Management,16(2), pp.275-291. Park, S. (2015). The North Korean Economy: Current Issues and Prospects*. [online] Carleton.ca. Available at: https://carleton.ca/economics/wp-content/uploads/cep04-05.pdf?origin=publication_detail [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Robert Half - Canada, (2014). Skills to Seek When Youre Hiring a Financial Controller. [online] Available at: https://www.roberthalf.ca/en/accountemps/employers/hiring-tips/how-to-hire-an-employee/skills-to-seek-when-youre-hiring-a-financial-controller [Accessed 1 Jan. 2016]. Showerman, C. (2015). How to become a financial controller - Quora. [online] Quora.com. Available at: https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-become-a-financial-controller [Accessed 1 Jan. 2016]. Sites.google.com, (2015).PEST Analysis - Outdoor Apparel Industry Report. [online] Available at: https://sites.google.com/site/outdoorapparelindustryreport/pest-analysis [Accessed 2 Jan. 2016]. Statista, (2015). Sales of the U.S. apparel market in 2011, by segment | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/243072/sales-of-the-us-apparel-market-by-segment/ [Accessed 31 Dec. 2015]. trade.ec.europa.eu, (2015). European Union, Trade in goods with North Korea. [online] Available at: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113428.pdf [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. trade.ec.europa.eu, (2015).European Union, Trade in goods with USA. [online] Available at: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113465.pdf [Accessed 2 Jan. 2016]. UKEssays, (2015). BUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR MARKS AND SPENCER. [online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/business-strategies-for-marks-and-spencer-marketing-essay.php [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Valkjrvi, M. and You, W. (2012).BUSINESS PLAN FOR A FASHION BRAND. [online] Publications.theseus.fi. Available at: https://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/43336/Valkjarvi_Mira.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed 2 Jan. 2016]

Sensory Perception free essay sample

There are also other cases where what we think we see is not really what it is, â€Å"habits, interests, and biases, focuses and thus limits our perceptions. † (Kirby Goodpaster, 2007, pg. 56) I believe that our sensory information in most regards is accurate, without any sort of accuracy we would not depend on them as much as we do in our thinking and decision making. When we feel heat on a pan on the stove our senses alert us to the danger of being burnt and we proceed with caution. When we see that it is raining outside we know we will get wet and make a decision to bring an umbrella to keep warm. Hearing is another powerful sense that we use to listen to words, is crucial in communication, and is interactive with our thinking. When we hear a very loud noise close to us we are startled and our senses might kick in and tell us to take cover for safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Sensory Perception or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When we sense better, we in turn think better. 2. Identify and describe at least three factors contributing to the accuracy of sensory data. Sensory data is vital towards survival in the wild. Animals depend on their senses in hunting, fighting, and decision making. The senses of many predators have adopted and developed in many ways that allow them to be the best, most efficient hunters and at survival. Each animal has unique senses that allow them to have a much better chance at survival. Bats can hear at a higher frequency that allows them to locate capture predators easier, many invertebrates are able to analyze and see polarized light to help in the water. â€Å"Some snakes use infrared radiation to locate warm-blooded prey, and certain beetles can use it to sense forest fires. (â€Å"Senses, 2012†) In order for our sensory data to be accurate we need to ensure that our perceptions are sharp which will help us in better delivery of data to our brains. We also need to ensure that our observations are accurate, that we have gotten all of the facts right. Another factor to take into consideration is that â€Å"we need to perceive beyond appearances and behind false faces† (Kirby Goodpaster, 2007, pg. 54) 3. Discuss the roles of â€Å"nature† and â€Å"nurture† with regard to the interpretation and evaluation of sensory data. I think that in regard to the interpretation and evaluation of sensory data that primarily in humans both nature and nurture are involved. We still possess the fight or flight primal sense for survival. On the other hand I think that our nurture has become a part of who we are and does affect our sensory data. As an example, a person raised in Japan and one raised in Mexico will have been raised with different senses of taste, smells, sounds or hearing, and with very different visual experiences. These differences in sensory data will affect who they are and their thinking. Yes, on a basic level we all feel pain, see, hear, but their experiences and how the nurturing affects them will be very different. As stated earlier, â€Å"custom in the form of habits, interests, and biases, focuses and thus limits perceptions. † (Kirby Goodpaster, 2007, pg. 56) I think we do act on our animal instincts in our human behavior but I also do believe that we think and behave in certain ways due to being taught to do so, our sensory data is a combined mixture of both that we take into consideration and sensing in our thinking and actions.

Did FDR endanger the economic essays

Did FDR endanger the economic essays Did FDR endanger the economic prosperity and well being of the nation? Contrary to the charge, FDR did not endanger the economic prosperity and well being of the nation. In fact, FDRs actions as president have rescued the nations economy and have improved our economic future. The setting of a national minimum wage and giving workers the right to organize (through the NRA) will result in a happier, wealthier American working class that will have more disposable income to spend on consumer goods and services. Thus, those two reforms will actually stimulate the economy rather than endanger it. In much the same way, the creation of government-funded jobs will reduce unemployment, giving a good portion of the population some buying power that they not otherwise would have. Job competition with commercial businesses is not a problem, as the government pays significantly less than most businesses. The temporary closing of banks was an excellent way to ensure the safety of peoples deposits and to restore confidence in the banking system. So the temporar y closing of banks was actually good for the then-ailing economy. The relief, or welfare given to the unemployed by FERA in the first Hundred Days was a temporary measure called for by the desperate times. The handouts to the unemployed served only to help them survive, not to make them lazy and dependant. In regards to Social Security, because it only goes into effect after retirement at 65, it does not create a dependency that endangers national productivity. Rather, the recipients of Social Security are not in good enough shape to make much of a contribution in terms of productivity. ...

America Industrial Revolution

Industrial revolution has been identified as the defining force behind the tremendous economic growth witnessed in the American nation during the 19th and twentieth century (Hudson 56). Thanks to industrial revolution, the American nation improved its ability to conduct mass production both for its domestic needs and surplus for export. Just to be appreciated here is the factor that the sustainable economic development of any nation does not only depend on self-sufficiency but on its ability to conduct international business. Another important aspect of the American industrial revolution is that it led to the formalization of employment, a factor that served to mitigate human exploitation (Collier, and Kevin 21). Â  However, the American industrial revolution is blamed for compromising the sustainable competitive advantage of small scale cortege industries in the nation (Michigan State University). The revolution is also significantly blamed for compromising the cultural identity of the individual American ethnic groups (Hudson 88). This is because it led to increased social intermixing of races as well as cross-race marriages. Still, the revolution is closely attributed to an increase in environmental hazards among American communities (Hudson 91). This paper is written as a discussion on the effects of the American industrial revolution. The author takes a look at both sides of the implications of the revolution to the American people. Effects of industrial revolution to the life of the Americans There are many positive effects of the American industrial revolution to the people of America. According to available historical information, the massive industrial growth in the American nation during the 19th century is the direct result of its current superpower status in the globe. Following the emergence of the industrial revolution, the people of America enjoyed the concept of increased production in the industries, a factor that greatly improved their investment profitability (Collier, and Kevin 21). It is worth noting that the sole purpose of any investor is to ensure maximum profits. Although slaves provided cheap labor for agricultural industries in America, their productivity could not much the modernized agricultural practices that came with the industrial revolution. Another important effect of the American industrial revolution is that it led to the formalization of employment in the nation (Collier, and Kevin 21). Prior to the onset of the industrial revolution, slavery was one of the most commonly employed forms of labor for fueling the economy of America. This was a negation of the human rights since slaves were perceived as a property to their masters rather than human beings who deserved decent treatment. Nevertheless, with the coming of the industrial revolution, there came more effective and reliable machine technologies, a factor which negated the need for forced labor in the industries (Collier, and Kevin 25). This greatly improved the working conditions for the employed people of America. Still on formalization of employment is the creation of new employment opportunities for the American citizens (Michigan State University). The onset of industrial revolution brought with it new jobs for the different professional classes in the American nation. This did not only serve to improve the living standards for some members of the community but also as an encouragement for professionalism among Americans. Also, the revolution is to be thanked for the innovative development of industrial management and leadership principles as well as strategic marketing practices in America (Collier, and Kevin 27). With increased level of productivity, management and industrial leadership principles grew. Such also called for the expansionism process by the American nation in the quest to ensure sustainable market for its surplus products. According to proponents of the industrial revolution, the American industrial revolution brought with it the need for innovative approach to problem solving. It is rightly asserted that necessity is the ultimate mother of invention. Still, it is worth to acknowledge the fact that the process of industrialization has undergone many challenges. Based on this reasoning, the American industrial revolution is praised for the overall improvement of the technological and economic stand of the American nation (Collier, and Kevin 28). As per the available information, America is one of the leading influences in the international industrial product market to date. This gives its citizens a competitive advantage over those of other nations. Also, the extensive industrial revolution that marked America during the 19th and early 20th centuries are to be praised for the power control enjoyed by the nation across the globe (Michigan State University). According to available information, due to the influence of its industrial revolution, the American nation enjoys the competitive advantage of intellectual properties. Just to be underscored here is the fact that intellectual properties are found to promote the economic advantage of a nation. This is because they are protected by the law against use by other persons without providing commercial benefits to the source. Therefore, since the revolution led to establishment of numerous intellectual property rights, it served to protect the social and economic stability of the American people (Hudson 67).

Student Workbook Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Student Workbook - Coursework Example If we conceive of health being a physical thing, we might miss some emotional and mental aspects We might have moral views which influence the way we see patients, for example thinking that alcohol, drugs, and inactivity are morally wrong. Question 3. You could add the following tips Eat only organic food, and wash everything very carefully. Don’t take up any dangerous jobs like mining or building and construction work. Don’t use mobile telephones for more than a few minutes at a time. Keep away from areas prone to natural disasters (tsunamis, hurricanes, volcanoes). Question 4. Starting at the centre of the diagram and working outwards the following influences have impacted on my own health and wellbeing: My family has been the single most important influence on my life, and without their love and support I would not be the person I am today, looking to start a nursing career. I have always been physically active, and my experience at school was very good. I used to lo ve P.E. As I get older it becomes more difficult to stay active but at least in my childhood this was a very positive experience. I have experienced quite a moderate amount of variety and ability to spend money and enjoy the usual things like shopping and holidays. This has helped me to maintain good relationships with loyal friends. I find that living in the city is sometimes stressful, and the atmosphere when moving around can be quite polluted. I can feel the adverse effects on my lungs, especially in summer. I enjoy the internet, and keeping in touch with friends who have moved to different places. This is good for my mental health, and ensures I always have someone to talk to, even if they are far away. I think the UK is a good country to live in, because it has a moderate climate and good health and welfare systems. I can access doctors and dentists anytime, and this is something I never take for granted, especially when compared with some other countries in the world. Questio n 5. This question is answered in connection with a patient, Mrs X, who is 74 years old and suffering from unstable angina along with early stages of dementia. The points are once again taken from the inside of the diagram outwards. Mrs X is a widow, and the absence of her husband is a source of pain for her. It may contribute to her listlessness, because she misses him even though he died several years ago. She has one son, but he does not visit much, and this too is difficult. Mrs X is inactive most of the time because she has pain on exertion at unpredictable times, and this makes her scared of doing too much. She also spends frequent spells in hospital because of her angina. This makes her life unpredictable, and she is prone to confusion and depression. There is a good support system in the church that Mrs X attends. This offers her social and spiritual activities, although she is increasingly not well enough to take them up. Living in a flat which is several stories off the gr ound makes it difficult for Mrs X to get out and about. I suspect also that heating might be too expensive for her, because she seems to be hospitalized more in winter than in summer. I do not think Mrs X gets enough fresh air. Her lack of mobility and her fear of muggers and sudden illness stop her from enjoying walks or outings. One of the problems of Mrs X is that she feels excluded from a lot of modern society, and often talks about the past. The modern world is too complex for her, and she is

Urban renewal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Urban renewal - Essay Example gs to me was the way Majora Carter talked about how rich peoples decisions had hurt her community in the past, but how all she wanted to do now was make life better in the city for everybody. It was inspiring to see that she was more interested in making her own community better and not on punishing the people who had made her community so bad in the first place. Especially because her own life had been made bad as well in the start because of that. Because it was easy to relate to Majora Carter, her talk was very interesting. I also liked how she explained how things would effect people and not just what they were. The thing I wanted to learn more about was green roofs. According to Majora Carter these are roofs made out of plants and soil instead of normal roof material. I guess this would be like having a garden on your roof, and I think it would be really nice to have a whole city of nothing but green roofs. It would be like turning a whole city into a garden. I will be looking up more about these to see how they work and what you need to do to get

The way weaponry has been portrayed. Essay Example for Free

The way weaponry has been portrayed. Essay Theme: The way weaponry has been portrayed. Throughout literature poets have used various literary devices in order to convey their message to the audience. Wilfred Owen has cleverly personified weaponry in the context of war and has woven it in his poems. This in turn accentuates the message he is trying to convey the paradox of War. The use of this tool is most prominent in three of his poems, The Last Laugh, Arms and The Boy and Anthem for Doomed Youth. In these poems he depicts weapons as sinister, flesh-hungry savages whose only purpose is to kill. In Anthem for Doomed Youth Wilfred Owen writes and elegiac sonnet moaning the loss of innocent life. Like his other poems to one too is steeped in irony. War he wants to point out is not fanfare and glory. It is dirt and muck and pain and struggle which ultimately end in death. His view of war is greatly influenced by his own experiences. Disenchanted, brutalised and lied to by his own nation he like so many others felt betrayed. They were taught that war was glorious and soldiers were proud and valiant, the truth of it was that war was none of these and soldiers were being herded like cattle to tthose deaths. He goes on to personify weapons in the Last Laugh as mocking the soldiers that they ruthlessly killed using words such as â€Å"guffawed and chirped† In the poem Arms and the Boy, Owen changes the portrayal of the weapon and showcases it as a toy that is being handed out to a child â€Å"Let the boy try along this bayonet-blade†. Along with the description of the weapon Owen also juxtaposes the loss of innocence that prevailed during the time of war. In the poem Sonnet On Seeing a Piece of Our Heavy Artillery brought into Action Owen portrays weapons as an object that has to be paid respect to, this is shown by the words ‘thou, thee’. He furthermore goes on to personify the guns by saying that he slowly lifted ‘thou long black arm’ and also describes the destruction that they eventually cause. The four poems have a lot of literary devices packed into them such as sound imagery, metaphors and personification which compliment his description of the weapons. World War 1 was the war that changed history. The use of mechanised weapons on an unsuspecting enemy proved to be the biggest challenge. Earlier war was seen as something glorious and even  chivalrous. World War 1 overturned that view, the senseless bloodshed, the ruthless use of weapons made this war anything but glorious. Owen was one such soldier who first hand experienced the horrors of war and unlike poets before him conveyed the reality of war. He and a few others were instrumental in ripping the faà §ade of the honour and glory that war claims to be. His poems are raw, undisguised versions of the harsh reality of what was occurring in the t renches of the Western Front. Wilfred Owen uses a significant amount of literary devices to convey how weapons play a large role in warfare. His poem the Last Laugh begins with an expletive, ‘Oh! Jesus Christ! I’m hit’ the title itself is rich in irony as the poem goes on to depict how the weapons that are personified ‘chuckle’ and ‘guffaw’ at the soldier’s death. Lines like ‘the bullets chirped, machine guns chuckled†¦and the Big Gun guffawed’ reveal the dark humour that underlies the poem. The use of onomatopoeia adds to the chilling darkness of the imagery, â€Å"tut tut and the way the splinter spat and tittered’ are evidence of this. His use of alliteration enhances the poetic tempo. The ‘lofty Shrapnel’ is personified as it ‘gestures leisurely’ at the dying man calling him fool. Weapons are further personified as grim, hostile entities. The Bayonets have ‘long teeth’ and grinned as ravels of shells ‘hoot and groan and gas hisses’. The use of capital letters to classify the weapons furthe r draws attention to their significance, in this case as purveyors of destruction. In Arms and the Boy, Owen depicts how innocence is destroyed by war. The title itself seems like an oxymoron because children are usually not associated with weapons. The poem begins with a calm suggestion of letting the boy try the bayonet blade and see how ‘cold the steel is’ The bayonet itself is personified as a creature with a predatory nature, ‘it’s keen with hunger of blood’ its appetite is further described as ‘famishing for flesh’ this use of alliteration of fricative sounds embellishes the rapacious nature of the weapon, it is described as being ‘blue with all malice, like a madman’s flash’ this simile conveys the cruelty and evil that is associated with this weapon. By using explosive sounds and the use of adjectives such as cold increase the sinister effect of the weapon. The second stanza similarly begins with a tender gesture asking the young boy to ‘stroke these blind blunt bullet leads’ the use of consonance  adds to making the bullets seem less deadly than they are words such as ‘ long to nuzzle’ portray warmth but ironically the euphuism , ‘in the hearts of lads’ stands for the death of young children. Cartridges are described as having fine zinc teeth, their sharpness is compared to ‘the sharpness of grief and death’ in saying ‘give him’ these weapons of destruction the poet is juxtaposing innocence with experience and death. Owen does so in a manner that seems innocuous asking the boy to play with these objects of death and destruction. The third stanza ‘his teeth seemed for laughing round an apple’ conveys the idea of childish innocence. The young boy does not have fangs nor ‘claws behind his fingers supple’. Furthermore Owen writes ‘God will grow no talons at his heels or ‘antlers through the thickness of his curls’. This conveys that God had not meant for man to be like a beast. Man needs to arm himself with weapons to don the mantle of a predator. In showing the young boy through the ‘thickness of his curls’ further implies how angelic and innocent he is. Owen is bereaved that he will one day pick up the weapons of destruction and will thus be robbed of his innocence. Owen uses many literary devices such as personification to depict the weapons he says the cartridges ‘have fine zinc teeth’ and the bayonet is described as being ‘keen with hunger of blood’. The poet alludes to Virgil’s epic the Aeneid ‘of arms and the man I sing’. The poem itself uses half rhyme and alliteration ‘famishing for flesh’, ‘blind blunt bullet leads’ to convey the tone of the poem which is largely sinister. In his poem ‘Anthem for doomed youth’ Owen takes the theme of how weapons destroy one step further. Here to the imagery is stark and the poem begins with sound imagery, ‘what passing bells for these who die as cattle?’ The reference to cattle further shows the diminished emotion that war instils in humans. Soldiers are equated to cattle and the death knells are merely in passing. Written as a Petrarchan sonnet with a ABA rhyme scheme Anthem for doomed youth vividly demolishes the myth of soldiers being valiant of glorious in battle. Here too weapons are personified guns are shown as having ‘monstrous anger’ and ‘the stuttering ripples rapid rattle’ The use of alliteration further enhances the sound imagery as the reader is transported back in time. Word s such as ‘stuttering and patter’ convey a sense of grief and hesitation. There is no one to grieve for those who have  died, ‘no mockeries now for them†¦nor any voice of morning save the choirs’ and these choirs are that of the ‘shrill demented, wailing shells’ by using words such as wailing and mourning Owen is trying to depict the harsh reality that the soldiers had to face. There is neither fanfare nor celebration ‘and bugles call for them from sad shires’ the soldiers are portrayed as the forgotten, remembered only in the ‘pallor of girl’s brows’ And in the ‘tenderness of patient minds’. Owen juxtaposes very interestingly the two themes of religion with war. The imagery of candles and flowers are harshly juxtaposed against that of death and pain. His use of mild innocuous language contrasts sharply with the violence of the action depicted. The two stanzas are starkly different as the first vividly describes the horror of war and the second the hope of the families left behi nd waiting for fathers, brothers, sons to return. The disillusionment and bitterness is illumined in this poem. The tone is contrite and bitter and a sense of irony pervades the poem. Written as a eulogy the heading conveys the theme perfectly, it is truly an Anthem for the youth who are doomed to die in a war that made no sense. In the Sonnet that Owen wrote he describes the weapons initially as an object those posses’ majestic qualities. He praises the gun by calling it â€Å"Great† which shows his respect for this artillery. He furthermore shows the Gun ‘towering towards heaven’ which shows that the gun is about to attack God himself, portraying the amount of power that it posses. He personifies the gun and lifted its ‘long black arm’. He also describes the canon as a weapon that protects its soldiers as well as kills. Throughout this poem he admires the weapons but the last two lines reveal his true perception of artillery. Harsh words such as ‘cut thee from our soul’ shows the level of resentment that he has against weapons as he also asks God to ‘curse thee’. The title itself is absurd as a Sonnet is a poem that is addressed to a lover however he uses it differently and uses it to both praise the weapons as well as criticise them. All of Wilfred Owens poems are bound by the sense of irony. His poems resound with pathos. He truly conveys the pity of war and doesn’t seek to elevate it as poets in the past did. His poems are stark snippets of reality as were experienced by young soldiers in trenches. The horror, the infestation the overpowering stench of war is all beautifully conveyed through his poetry. His poetry does not want to gloss  over reality it is reality.

The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe Essay -- History Soviet Union

The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe Many political beliefs exist. Everyone has the right to chose what to believe in, what ideas to have, what to seek and how to achieve his goals. Political science is not very defined and strict. Specific rules saying that if one believes in a certain idea he should join a certain party do not exist. Certain things match certain group of people and other things this group of people would not accept. The same principle can be applied for countries. Communism appears to be successful for China, but it failed for Eastern European countries. It is very important the proper way of government to be found and used by the government of a country. The failure of the government can lead to failure in economics, defense, and all other spheres that have importance for the existence of a nation. Russian political leaders governing at the time of communism did not think clearly and they underestimated the negative sides of their policy. They believed that communism was appropriate and successful be cause it worked effectively for several years but it failed after all. Three of the major reasons for the fall of communism were the suppression of religion, the poor quality of life provided by the government and the command economic system. What is communism? The political term communism can be found in the online glossary, published by Paul M. Johnson who is a professor in the Political Department in the Auburn University. The definition states that communism is any ideology that is based on communal ownership of all property and a classless social structure. There is an authoritarian government that directs economic production and distribution, and it embodies the interests of the country as a whole. ... ...est. Works Cited Boshnakov, Sevdalina. Personal Interview. 04 April 2004. Chamberlin, William H. What You Should Know about Communism and Why. New York: Aberdeen Book Co., 1965. Hutchinson Encyclopedia. Johnson, Paul M. Communism – Glossary of Political Economy Terms. Dept. of Political Science, Auburn University 7 April 2004 . Szostkievicz, Adam â€Å"Religion after Communism: Churches stumble in Eastern Europe† Commonweal. 24 Sept. 1999. 7 April 2004. . Wikipedia Articles. Workhistory.com Bringing History to Life .7 April 2004 .

Ancient Egypt’s Afrocentricity Essay

Thesis: Due to geographic, cultural, and historic evidence, Egypt is an Afrocentric so studying it should be considered Afrocentric. However, due to social constructs and the colonization of Africa, many wrongly do not consider studying Egypt as Afrocentric. Abstract: Egypt, like all other African countries has an extensive history rich with a unique culture and belief system. Unfortunately, Ancient Egyptian culture and history is buried under a synthesized backdrop for what is European history. Though the nation was influence by many cultures over the years, Egypt must still hold onto its true origins by rediscovering and challenging it’s own history in order to reinvent it as an Afrocentric nation that founded a unique Afrocentric cultural ideology that deals with the self determination of the Pan-African ideology in culture, philosophy, and history. Critical Review of Scholarship: In an article by Shahira Amin, an Egyptian journalist, that discussed how modern day Egyptians perceive themselves, their history, and their culture. Surprisingly, rather than consider their culture and selves as African, Egyptians consider themselves as â€Å"Arab Muslims.† Identity of self encompasses many factors, including religion, however, it is because the culture was buried under a backdrop for what is European history, and modern day Egyptians don’t view themselves as Africans. Amin’s article also emphasized Egyptians revisiting their true African roots. In Egypt, Africa and the Ancient World by Joseph Cervello Autuori and Is Studying Egypt in Its African Context ‘Afrocentric? by S.O.Y. Keita discusses the history of Egypt before and after the colonization era. Similar to all African countries that were colonized by Europeans, Egypt was influenced by the cultures of the people who occupied it, however, initially, Egypt has an Afrocentric culture like the one that of it’s African counterparts. In addition, online articles, Egypt’s Place in Modern Africa by Saidis Aswan Egy and Afrocenity by Dr. Molefi Kete Asante helped to ground the ideas of Afrocentism into modern Egypt and how they should  draw power from their ancient roots and strengthen their identity. Discussion: A person’s identity can be based on many factors such as race, culture, and class. A group of persons make up a community and groups of communities make a nation. Egypt is a country in Africa; however most people forget their true roots, or choose to let geography and European history define it. Based on geography specifically, Egypt is in Africa so studying it should be considered Afrocentric. However, due to social constructs and the colonization of Africa, many wrongly do not consider studying Egypt as an Afrocentric nation. Africa is a continent composed of many diverse and powerful countries. Afrocentric means to study something in its African context and origin. Its purpose is to shift peoples’ thinking from what they have been taught previously that was based on a Eurocentric point of view. â€Å"Afrocentricity becomes a revolutionary idea because it studies ideas, concepts, events, personalities, and political and economic processes from a standpoint of black people as subjects and not as objects, basing all knowledge on the authentic interrogation of location.† When Africa was torn apart during the Berlin Conference, Egypt was valued for its technology and architecture. Later when this same architecture was being studied and was trying to be reproduced, it was found to be very complex and made of intricate patterns the Europeans had not even thought of. However, they could not believe anyone that was not a European could be smart. So instead of the European being inferior to an Africa n, people were led to believe that Egyptians were not Africans. The problem of Egyptians not being recognized as Africans also arose when the Arabs colonized Africa whilst spreading Islam. Many nations tried to control Egypt and shape it in a way that made them feel better about themselves. This, unfortunately left – and still leaves Egypt – the people of Egypt to shun their African ethnicity instead of being relating to it. Despite Egyptians being brainwashed into believing they are not a part of Africa, it can be seen that they are as integrated as the other 53 countries that share its continent. This can be seen through Egypt’s language and  archeology. Language is important because, though it is diverse throughout the world, if its origins can be traced, it can determine how a nation began. In the case of Egypt, â€Å"Egyptian is a member of the Afro-Asiatic family which originated in Africa and was not imported from Asia or Europe†. When the complete history of Egypt is looked at, it can be seen that it is, in fact Afro-centric despite the influences from other countries. In relation to archaeology, it suggests that early Egyptian culture rose directly through indigenous Africans. Archaeologists have also found that crops from the other side of the Nile River were integrated into the lifestyle of early Egyptians. In short, despite how much Egyptians refuse to accept Afrocentism as de scribing them; there are clear details that can prove Egypt’s core is African, not European or Mediterranean influence. Geography and race also play a big part in Egypt recognizing itself as African. In contrast to â€Å"traditional contextualization of Egypt in the ‘Mediterranean’ or ‘Near Eastern’† geographically, Egypt is in Africa. So naturally, the people in the nation share physical characteristics with those around them, as well with Africans as a whole (though they might be minute). Ancient Egypt emerged on the banks of the Nile River, which flows from the core of Africa. Three African countries on its east, south, and west border Egypt while it is separated from Asia by the Mediterranean Sea. It is simply ignorant to disregard the physical barriers that separate Egypt from Asia and Europe, and to disregard the borders that keep it within Africa. When studying Egypt people should not forget to include Africa and how Egypt being in Africa has also influenced and advanced the nation to what it is today, therefore, studying Egypt’s history should be considered Afrocentric. Work Cited SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 2 Sept. 2014. Talmadge Anderson, James Stewart, Introduction to African American Studies: Transdisciplinary Approaches and Implications. (Black Classic Press, 2007), 29. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave: Written by Himself. (Boston: The Anti-Slavery Office, 1845), 37. â€Å"Dr. Nathan Hare,† Black Think Tank, last modified Feb 5, 2014. Asante, Molefi K. â€Å"Afrocentricity.† Latest Books. Afrocentricity, 13 Apr. 2009. Web. 02 Oct. 2014.

Instant Coffee Essay

Everyone will not believe that coffee is the second people income in the world. There are 30 millions people who gain their income from growing coffee. As the article which had been read by Bob told that coffee has been grown by a lot of farmers in different countries. The type of coffee are Robusta, Arabica, and labarica . Usually, Robusta coffee use to make instant coffee. The first country which grows robusta coffee is Uganda and Indonesia is the second producer of this coffee. Generally, Indonesia is the fourth country which grows coffee in the world. The height of robusta coffee is below 6 meters .The next type coffee is Arabica. That is the coffee which Bob was drunk. It usually uses to make premium coffee. The height is between 600-2000 meters and the largest producer is Brazil, followed by Columbia and Kenya. The last is Labarica coffee. This coffee grows in few areas which has below 2000 high meters. It uses to make blended coffee. Based on the article there are also 3 style of coffee that is instant coffee, espresso coffee and brewed coffee. Brewed coffee is usually drunk by the European country. But, it was strange that U.K mostly choose instant coffee. Britannia supposes to choose espresso coffee while American chooses instant coffee. In Asian, Japan drink more brewed coffee. There is also institution which maintains market price of coffee, is called ICO who was made up by United Nations in 1963. They act as mediator between producing countries and consuming countries.

Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report Essay Example

Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report Essay Example Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report Paper Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report Paper A Grinded reagent is a type of ergonomically, which consists of a bond twine a metal and a carbon. There are three types of carbon-metal bonds: ionic, polar covalent, and covalent. The ionic bonded compounds (example: RNa) have a weak bond between the carbon and the metal, and are therefore not useful because they are so volatile, and they will react with nearly anything. The covalent bonded compounds (example: Rap) are toxic. The compounds that are polar covalent bonded are Grinded reagents and are useful in making carbon- carbon bonds and reducing carbonyl. Grinded reagents are any of the numerous organic derivatives of magnesium (MGM), commonly represented by the mineral formula Ramp (in which R is a hydrocarbon radical: CHI, CHI, CHI, etc. ; and X is a halogen atom, usually chlorine, bromine, or iodine). They are called Grinded reagents after their discoverer, French chemist Victor Grinded, who was a corrections of the 1912 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for this work (1). Grinded reagents commonly are prepared by reaction of an alkyl halide (RUG) with magnesium in a nitrogen atmosphere because the reagent is very reactive toward oxygen and moisture, which would cause the reagent to react with the water instead of any carbon atoms (2). Grinded reagents react with water to produce alkaline. This is the reason that everything has to be very dry during the preparation. Alkyl halides vary greatly in their rates of reaction with magnesium. For example, alkyl iodides generally react very rapidly, whereas most aryl chlorides react very slowly, if at all. : Their chemical behavior resembles that of carbonation species that contain a negatively charged carbon (:CHI). Grinded reagents are strong bases and strong nucleotides. Thus, the Grinded reagent methamphetamine bromide (Chamber) behaves as if it were equivalent to the method ion (:CHI-). Grinded agents are made through single electron transfers with magnesium and an alkyl halide. Grinded reagents are manufactured through the process of a radical reaction as shown below. Grinded reagents react with molecules to extend carbon-carbon chains through the attraction of a necrophilia carbon to an electroscopic carbon (necrophilia addition). The Grinded reagent can serve as a nucleoli because of the attraction between the slight negatives of the carbon atom in the Grinded reagent and the oppositeness of the carbon in the carbonyl compound. The Grinded reagent can oxidize a carbonyl functional group into a hydroxyl group. The metal is less electronegative than the carbon, so the carbon bears a partial negative charge. This partial negative charge attacks the carbonyl at the partially positive carbon, forms a new carbon-carbon bond, and pushes an electron pair out of the double bond into the lone pair position. The metal then attaches itself at the now negatively charged oxygen. This compound is then treated with an aqueous acid to propionate the oxygen and forms the hydroxyl group. Except for hydrocarbons, ethers, and tertiary amines, almost all organic compounds react with Grinded reagents. Many of these reactions are used for hemolytic purposes, notably those with carbonyl compounds (e. G. Leaderless, stones, esters, and call chlorides), with epoxies, and with halogen compounds of certain metals (e. G. , zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury) to form the alkyl derivatives of those metals. Grinded reagents react with water to form a strong base, and they can act as a nucleoli to find a primary alcohol as shown respectively below. Grinded reagents also react with the least hindered carbon on an epoxies to break the ring in order to relieve ring strain. A reaction of the Grinded reagent and carbon dioxide results in an acid, and action of a nitrite and a Grinded reagent produce a carbonyl via an amine intermediate. These are show below, respectively. Grinded reagents are reactive enough to also attach esters; however, two equivalents of the Grinded reagent are usually added because less then two equivalents leave a large quantity of enervative ester. This reaction forms a tertiary alcohol. Grinded reagents cannot be synthesized from alcohols because instead of reacting with the halide to form the Grinded reagent, the alcohol is deprecated. Grinded reagents also cannot be synthesized from molecules with a carbonyl group. Solvent choice is important in Grinded reagent formation. The solvent must be non-reactive with a negatively charged carbon (ex. Acetone or anything even slightly acidic), and the solvent cannot have a carbonyl group. The solvent must be a volatile solvent that provides a blanket of solvent over the reaction solution so that oxygen and moisture in the air are excluded from the reaction. Oxygen and moisture in the air are very slightly acidic and would disrupt the synthesis of a Grinded reagent. Anhydrous ether (ROR) is often used as a solvent in creating Grinded reagents because it keeps out water and oxygen, makes the complex soluble, and is non-reactive. Water and oxygen cause undesired side reactions. The oxygen in ether has a lone pair of electrons, which is attracted to the partially positive metal. The solvent helps the polar Grinded reagent dissolve by coordination. A dry reflux apparatus is used to heat a solution without gaining any water from the atmosphere. Reflux is the cycle of a liquid going through vaporization and condensation. In order to speed up reactions or to increase the solubility of a compound, chemists often times reflux reaction mixtures. This step implies hat the reaction mixture is brought to a boil. The lowest boiling compound in the mixture determines the temperature when this occurs, usually the solvent. It condenses and returns into the reaction vessel (3). There are some other benefits to using a reflux apparatus. First, molecules dissolve faster in heated liquids because the molecules are moving faster and thus collide faster and more often. Second, the heat needed to cause the solution to reflux is energy that can assist molecules in acquiring enough energy to overcome the activation energy barrier to go from liquid to vapor. The liquid in the flask boils, vaporizes, ND then hits the cool condenser and condenses back into the flask. The water running through the condenser keeps it cool and allows the vapors rising out of the reaction vessel to condense and drip back down into the solution. The Cacao in the drying tube keeps any water from the atmosphere from entering the system. The set up of a dry reflux apparatus is a round bottom flask clamped above a heating mantle with a condenser attached to the round bottom flask. A thermometer adapter is used to attach the drying tube to the condenser.

The Continuum between Legitimacy and Fraud Research Paper

The Continuum between Legitimacy and Fraud - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that Shawver, an Associate Professor of Accounting at King’s College, and Clements, a Professor of Accounting at Florida Southern College, are trying to explain the effect of emotion on ethical evaluations of earnings manipulation. In the accounting context, it is evident that there some emotional interplay between the evaluation of earnings manipulation. This is because the perpetrator of the manipulation is usually an accountant, and the person investigating the manipulation is also an accountant. The authors state that prior research suggested that emotions might shape the ethical evaluation and decisions made by an individual, therefore, the research goes on to explore the emotion that an accountant might feel when evaluating earnings management.Yang, a Professor of Science and Technology, Lai and Tan, Professors of Accounting, try to determine the relationship between ownership structure of firms and the types of earnings management. The authors class ify insiders as part of a firm’s executives in their research, and from this, determine that the quality of earnings management is affected by discretionary accruals. Specifically, the accruals in the firm fluctuate with executive ownership, indicating that that equity stakes by top members of a firm should be reduced in order to reduce agency costs and relationships. This ensures that the earnings reflected by management are less fraudulent that in other firms that do not have top executives in top-tier management positions.... Female Directors and Earnings Management in High-Technology Firms. Pacific Accounting Review, Vol. 24(1). Pp. 4-32. Gavious and Yosef, Professors of Management, and Segev, the Department of Social Work specialist, wrote this paper to try to explain the effect of the presence of female members in the board of directors and the audit committee. This study was aimed at finding the relation between female directors and the continuum between legitimacy and fraud in earnings management. The study indicates that there is a negative relation between the presence of female directors and earnings management, and that there is always a higher firm value when female representation is higher in higher positions of a firm. The authors quote the moral values of the different genders in supporting this argument, social stereotypes and the women’s motivation and sense of achievement. Ho, J. L., Liu, C. & Ouyang, B. (2012). Bloated Balance Sheet, Earnings Management, and Forecast Guidance. Revi ew of Accounting and Finance, Vol. 11(2). Pp. 120-140. In this paper, the authors, all of them being Professors of Accounting, try to postulate Barton and Simko’s argument that balance sheet information usually acts as a constraint on accrual-based earnings management in a firm. The authors do this by examining the effect of the balance sheet constraint on the manager’s tendency to use either downward forecast or earnings management to avoid downfalls in earnings. The authors find that in cases where the operating assets are higher than average sales, the analyst is likely to provide downward trends of forecasts. In contrast, in cases where there is abnormal increase in production costs and reduction in expenses, the analyst is likely to engage in legal earnings management. This paper

Military Tribunals and the American Court System Essay

Military Tribunals and the American Court System - Essay Example International agreements define the proper treatment of prisoners and the acceptable treatment of civilians during times of war. This has had a practical reason as it has traditionally prevented field commanders from committing atrocities that would so inflame the enemy that they would seek widespread revenge on their opponent. To assure that armies would keep war civilized, special processes have been set up to deal with those that transgress the rules and prearranged agreements. A court martial is often used to prosecute individuals of one's own armed forces. However, when the enemy is conquered and has violated the principle and sensibilities of the victor, they can become the defendants in a military tribunal, a seldom used process to handle unusual cases in unique situations. This paper will explain the process of the military tribunal. It will discuss the history of US tribunals and their relevance to international events and conventions. It will define the difference between civilian courts, courts martial, and the military tribunal. It will further explore the requirements and rationalizations for holding a military tribunal as opposed to civilian courts. More importantly, it will discuss the constitutional evolution of the military tribunal and will examine key cases from the past. ... This paper will not form any legal opinion on the constitutionality of the military tribunal. It also will not offer a social or political opinion of the process. These are beyond the scope of this research. It will, however, offer the rationale used by the courts and government officials to arrive at their various opinions. It will include both sides of the controversy as seen by those that are most directly involved. It will highlight the unusual cases in history that have created the controversy over congressional and presidential power with respect to military tribunals. To begin a discussion of the military tribunal, it needs to be put into the context of more conventional and familiar court systems. The military tribunal differs from our civilian courts and a court martial in their purpose, approach, rules of evidence, and method of operation. Court martial is used to prosecute members of the military for criminal offenses that may be a violation of the articles of war or crime such as theft, violence, or criminal activity. They are similar to civilian courts in their guarantee of rights except that they make no allowance for a jury of peers. The jury is composed of appointed military officers. They do follow the same rules of evidence and due process for the defendant. Where a civilian court is used to prosecute civilians who violate the civilian law, tribunals have historically been used for the purpose of prosecuting an armed service's personnel who have violated the articles of war or international agreements. However they have occasionally been used in extraordinary situations to control the civilian population. The war on terror has brought about new definitions of 'enemy combatant' and the current

Ethical Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Ethical Issues - Essay Example Thesis statement: An investigation into the Parenting Programs in US Prison Systems to assess the ethical issues of conducting these sorts of programs. The responsibility a father to lead his child to become a productive and able citizen in the society is significant. But in America, around 24 million children do not get enough care and attention from their fathers (Leving, 2007). Besides, our society is responsible to lead these children towards the right path in their future life. For instance the Council on Responsible Fatherhood situated in Illinois plays the crucial role by conducting parenting programs to tackle this challenge. This Council aims to help the children in Illinois to grow with their fathers. The council is planning to instill awareness among the mass by conducting a number of programs like Regional Meetings, Statewide Symposiums etc. One of the missions of the Council is to raise public awareness on the consequences of absence of fathers in a family, and its negative effect on children (Leving, 2007). The most important reason for the absence of fathers in families is short or long term imprisonment. This exampl e proves the importance of parenting programs in US Prison systems. As prisoners lead an isolated life in prisons, it is important to implement Marriage and Relationship Education Programs under Parenting Programs in Prison Systems. Short or long term imprisonment badly affects father- child/ husband –spouse relation and it is the duty of prison authorities to implement effective measures to improve marital relation through educational programs in prison systems. In the US prison system, there are a number of Marriage and Relationship Education Programs. The Prevention and Relationship Education Program or PREP helps couples to develop strong marriage bonds. The goal of PREP is to negative patterns in marital relationships and to inculcate individual, emotional and

Health Information Exchange Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Information Exchange - Assignment Example Recent legislation process undertaken at the Federal Government level has been initiated in order to ensure that significant resources are put into the development of healthcare. These legislations set the overall vision for the integration of information technology with the healthcare in order to improve the overall healthcare services delivery within the healthcare settings. The Federal IT Health Strategy is therefore focused upon delivering certain initiatives in order to accelerate the process of integrating information technology with that of the health care services. One of the central elements of the Medicaid and Medicare is the electronic health records which are now forming the critical part of the overall initiative by the government to improve healthcare IT. This paper will provide a review of the various initiatives undertaken by the Federal Government in terms of digitalization of health records and implementation of information technology besides making an evaluation in real time case study. The recent revolutionary changes in the health care industry and new demands from the industry has actually necessitated the use of technology which can help healthcare professionals to actually take benefit of the information technology. The new IT strategy for the health care industry has been hallmarked as one of the right steps in right direction to seamlessly integrate the technology with the healthcare. In order to achieve this vision, regional information networks were created in order to allow them autonomy and power to utilize all the resources necessary for using IT for healthcare. These regional networks have to work in defined governance roles in order to achieve their overall objectives and the set their own business targets. These centers were established in order to exchange information with each and have been gaining traction over the period of last few

International Marketing Strategies Of Companies Marketing Essay

International Marketing Strategies Of Companies Marketing Essay I am a Marketing Executive, working in a mid-size firm, based in London. The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of globalisation on marketing strategies of Companies and then, convince my Manager to take necessary steps, in order to respond to Globalisation; thereby expanding market and increasing profit. To accomplish the stated objective, we need to go in-depth and analyse/understand issues from beginning, starting from What is Globalisation? WHAT IS GLOBALISATION? It is not too long, when people from one part of the world did not know the existence of others. Peoples desire to share knowledge and explore the whole world led to some major exploration likes Marco Polo and Christopher Columbus, who made the connection between Europe and America. Before this period, people had no scope to know about knowledge or innovations of others. It was the 16th century A.D. that brought Patagonian Indians to America. During the 17th century Europeans discovered Australia and by that time the whole world was recognized and was ready for contact and trade activity. This can be considered to be the earliest recorded history of the beginning of a new era called globalization (Daniels et al., 2002). Although the idea of globalization and its relation to the business world is not too old and it is only in the last two decades that the current trend of globalization has brought a dramatic change to the business world (Thoumrungroje Tansuhaj, 2004). However, Globalization has been defined by Jane Fraser and Jeremy Oppenheim (1997), in the simplest terms, as a process by which the worlds economy is transformed from a set of national and regional markets into a set of markets that operate without regard to national boundaries. WHAT DRIVES IT? In mid 1980s, after facing some fast changes in cold war, East world-West world relation became almost friendly. In addition, after the fall of Soviet Union, lot of emerging markets appeared in the context of world market, with an aspiration to enhance their living standard. In 1990s, West Germany and East Germany re-merged and appeared as a potential industrialist country in world market. Many Eastern Europe countries and transition economies countries joined in European Union. China and India started exporting goods and services to large regions of the globe, particularly to the United States. The powerful economic growth of countries, resulted in enlarged local demands, leading to divergence between provinces, discriminations in income, anxieties about employment, and increases in energy prices (Czinkota and Samli, 2007). The USA market took the leadership role in this current trend of globalization. Factors like decentralization, privatization, deregulation as well as the growth of cyberspace made the globalization process faster. Through decentralization, new trading markets and trading blocs have emerged around the world. The companies are able to produce, buy or sell goods anywhere in the world and meet the local and regional needs. On the other hand, deregulation removed the trade barriers and helped to form NAFTA, LAFTA and World Trade Organization. Also, non government organization became involved in globalization through the process of privatization. Countries like India and China became more involved in global trade due cyberspace and technological improvement (Czinkota and Samli, 2007). Many authors and scholars have talked about many characteristics of globalization around the world. But factors like fast technological progress, the deteriorating role of the nation state, transfer of industrial production from western countries to newly industrialising countries for cheap labour and material are key drivers of globalization (Brown, 1999). THE EFFECT OF GLOBALISATION The effects of globalization are spreading widely day by day. All the major industries and businesses of both developed and developing countries, along with individuals, are affected by globalization (Garrette, 2000). The current business environment is more aggressive and competitive and can be characterised as hypercompetitive environment (DAveni, 1994). As markets are becoming more global day by day, the trade involves more countries and economies around the world. World merchandise trade was $157 billion in 1963 and it has become $10,159 in 2005 which is a significant increase of $10 trillion. Also, service trade which used to be $365 billion in 1980 has increased to $2,415 billion (Held Mcgrew, 2007). The effect of globalization brought dramatic changes in the business environment and companies are restructuring their business due to this reason (Jones, 2002). One of the most strategical change and significant business development in the recent years, is the formation of co-marketing alliances (Hwang and Burgers, 1997). Globalization does not always bring good outcome to all people. It has badly affected the job sector of the developed countries, where jobs of manufacturing sector has decreased. Other issues for developed countries include the debt obligations to international bank. The amount has increased to $1 trillion which has an adverse impact on their economy. The privatisation sector, deregulation and currency adjustment has been affected due to this reason (Roukis, 2006). On the other hand, Held Mcgrew (2007) suggests that economic globalization could encourage economic development as well as it could be the only successful path to global poverty reduction. During 1970, there were more than 1400 million people who used to earn less than $2 a day and during 1998, this figure came down to less than 1000 million. WHAT IS MARKETING STRATEGY? According to Varadarajan Clark (1994), Marketing strategy is concerned with the creation of a marketing mix that enables the business to achieve its objectives in a target market. Aaker (2009 cited by Kyung Hoon Kim et al., 2012) notes that marketing strategy can involve a variety of functional area strategies including positioning, pricing, distribution, and global strategies. The overriding principle driving a firms marketing strategy is that, marketing strategy depends on the companys vision for its future. This vision generally reflects where the firm expects to position itself in five to ten years-in effect, how the market perceives the firm. The development of a marketing strategy needs a basic assessment of both the firm and the market. The strategy, chosen, has to be the best at increasing the firms assets, with respect to the target market (Kyung Hoon Kim et al., 2012) Also, the key task of international marketing management is to establish a companys overall international strategy which also decides the degree of international integration of the company (Ghauri Cateora, 2006). INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND GLOBAL MARKETING Global marketing or globalization of markets is a key issue for multinational business firms. Many companies who markets global products around the world such as Nestle, Sony, and many others has to carefully look for opportunities in the international markets. Globalization of markets is a challenging issue for governments and political party or trade unions while business related people or organizations encourage the initiative of open trade which connects different markets by going beyond the national boundary. The technological advancement of the 21st century has been a key factor behind global marketing. Consumers around the world wants new and innovative product even if they are being made in the other part of the world because technology makes them aware about the existence of that new product. Business firms accept this commercial reality and as result enjoy greater economies of scale in production or marketing or distribution. As a result, the globalization of business helps them to offer products at a cheaper rate and thus gain a competitive advantage among its competitors (Buzzel et al.,1995). Although global marketing strategy and globalization of markets are two interrelated areas but there is a little difference between them. Global marketing strategy is needed in order to improve the efficiency of operations while globalization of markets is occurring due to the homogeneity of demand across cultures (Ghauri Cateora, 2006). Due to the raise in globalization of markets day by day companies find they are inevitably surrounded by foreign consumers as well as their competitors and suppliers. On the other hand, different countries have to admit the limitation of their own assets and the advantage of trade activities outside their own boundaries. Thus engaging in international business for both firms and countries are very much essential. According to Ghauri and Cateora (2006), the following factors play an important role in shaping of international business. Each country or economy is dependent to other economies. The formulation of free trade areas such as ASEAN, EU, APEC and NAFTA and the expansion of business activities in those areas. Countries having greater purchasing power due to their improving economy The arrival of new and potential markets with a large number of customers such as countries like India, China, Russia, Brazil, Malaysia etc. Technological advancement has been the key factor behind the improvement of transportation and communication. In order to engage in international business, companies need to have proper international marketing strategies. As international markets bring new opportunities and threats, appropriate strategies could help them to overcome possible difficulties in the international markets. Also, international companies need to respond to customer needs and wants by adapting existing product or by bringing new product to the market (Bradley, 2002). EFFECT OF GLOBALISATION ON COMPANIES MARKETING STRATEGIES According to Czinkota Samli (2007), Globalization enables international marketing to take place all around us, and to continuously offer new opportunities and challenges. Successful economies are always driven by customer needs and wants. The bureaucratic plans do not play an important role there. On the other hand, a firm must have a strategic response to the challenges of global market. Companies which are expanding their business in domestic market need to choose an appropriate strategy suitable to their situation. Since a global company is involved in many countries economy, it brings the idea of standardizing the marketing activities. The recent trend in globalization encourages the companies as well as countries to engage more in world trade activities. World exports were three times higher in 1998 than 1950; according to a WTO estimate, in 2001 this ratio was 29 per cent and in 2005 it was 27 per cent comparing to 12.5 per cent in 1970 and 17 per cent in 1990. In spite of 11 September attack in the USA the world economy is still achieving a rapid growth (Held Mcgrew, 2007). Also, Czinkota and Samli (2007) suggest that the base of globalization has two dimensions. The first one deal with deregulation, decentralization, the development of electronic data transfer and the other is characterised by capital flow, information and technological development. These features accelerate globalization, which enable companies to engage in international trade activity. Thus globalization provides a powerful foundation for international marketing to make progress. CO-MARKETING ALLIANCES According to Hewang and Burgers (1997, cited by Thoumrungroje and Tansuhaj, 2004), one of the recent trends to overcome the globalization effects has been the formation of marketing alliances. As companies around the world are restructuring their business to meet the global threats co-marketing alliances can bring greater success in the international marketing performances. In simple words, Anderson and Narus (1990, cited by Louis P. Bucklin Sanjit Sengupta, 1993) defines Co-marketing alliances as a form of working partnership with mutual recognition and understanding that the success of each firm depends in part on the other firm. Its a contractual relationship between the two firms, whose respective products acts as complimentary products, in the market. The purpose of such relationship is to intensify and/or build awareness, about benefits of such complementarities. The co-ordination between firms can be extended into product development, product and even research development. Also, according to Hoskisson et al. (2004, cited by Thoumrungroje and Tansuhaj, 2004), co-marketing alliances are a particular type of strategic alliance which is a business level competitive strategy. The primary focus of such alliance is to create a competitive advantage in the international market. It is also called horizontal complementary strategic alliance. The main objective of such alliance formation is to maximize the companies profit by utilizing their resources and capabilities. Co-marketing alliances also helps firms to gain better market position through increasing sales and market share. The following figure explains the relationship between co-marketing alliance, globalization effects and international marketing performance. Global Competitive environment Global Market Uncertainty Cooperation in Co-Marketing Alliance International Marketing Performance Global Market Opportunities Conceptual relationship of globalization effects, cooperation and performance. Source Adapted from (Thoumrungroje and Tansuhaj ,2004). However, Co-marketing alliance does have significant management challenges, in spite of its potential contribution. There are chances of disagreement between partners, as they often tend to compete with each other in terms of product lines and occasionally, even those covered by co-marketing agreement. In fact, there is a high possibility of opportunism as one of the partners may use the other to gain market position only; or may be to build technological skills from the knowledge of the others intellectual property. (Louis P. Bucklin Sanjit Sengupta, 1993) STANDARDISATION VERSUS ADAPTATION Its been a long time, since the two opposing international marketing strategies have been debated upon standardisation versus adaptation of products. Standardization means selling essentially the same product in all markets. The advantage of standardisation is low costs, as designing, manufacturing and distributing same product across countries involves less of investment. However, selling identical products across borders may be undesirable due to differences in the legal environments, distribution channels, climates, topography, levels of market and technological development, and competitive and cultural factors. As customers of different countries have different requirements, a standardised product might not be able to satisfy all customers. (Roger J. Calantone et al. 2004) On the other hand, product adaptation refers to the degree to which the physical characteristics or attributes of a product and its packaging differs across national markets (Cavusgil et al., 1993 cited by Roger J. Calantone et al. 2004). Though customising products for different markets increases cost, the adapted products are more likely to fit the needs of the varied range of customers of different countries and become more acceptable; but would command higher margins, generating greater revenues. For example, Procter Gambles (PG) Oil of Olay skin moisturizer has different type of product in different countries, based on research of the need of customers in those countries; instead of just changing the language on the bottle of the same product. Doole and Lowe (1999) suggests within the elements of marketing management products or service image or marketing objective and strategies can be standardised easily than pricing or distribution. Pricing Differentiation Distribution Sales force Sales promotion Product Image Objective strategy Standardisation In one of the important studies on this topic, Cavusgil et al. (1993) concluded that it is difficult to make blanket statements about suitable standardization/adaptation strategy without an examination of (these factors). The preferable option for firms is to take such a strategy which is a mixture of standardisation as well as adaptation of the different elements of marketing management programmes. Most companies around the world globalise some elements of the marketing mix while localising others and they use a combination of multi-domestic, global or regional, and transitional strategies. Many international firms find it difficult to optimally balance standardizing and adapting their marketing, specifically the marketing strategies, across national borders, in order to be successful. Also, in the process of internationalisation, firms need to find the correct approach towards globalisation, regionalisation and localisation of business activities, in general, along with finding a way to transfer the approach to their marketing strategies level (Stefan Schmid and Thomas Kotulla, 2011). CONCLUSION This study has found more positive effects of globalization than negative ones. Globalisation has lead to the change of marketing strategies of companies to some extent, but its ultimate objective has been profit maximization rather than anything else. Several effects of the current globalization trends include formation of co-marketing alliances as well as the standardization or adaptation of marketing mix. Therefore, as per the evidences provided above, I would like to request my Manager to either start co-marketing alliance with a company or to bring about changes in the marketing mix with respect to standardisation or adaptation; in order to go beyond boundaries and maximise our profit.